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Chamomile
Different variants of Chamomile exist. The mostly known are German- and Roman
Chamomile.
Family: Sunflower family Compositae or
Asteraceae
German Chamomile
Matricaria Chamomilla or Chamomilla
recutita or Chamomilla vulgaris
Dutch: Echte Kamille German: Echte Kamillen French: Camomille
Allemande / -Commune, Matricaire
Roman Chamomile
Chamaemelum nobile or Anthemis
nobilis
Dutch: Roomse kamille German: Romische Kamillen French:
Cammomille Romaine
General Description
German Chamomile
In Hungary and eastern Europe German Chamomile is bred on a large scale. It
grows over whole Europe in the wild. The plant is found in meadow and wheat fields,
at roadsides, on sunny hills and on rubble place.
The plant blossoms from May until August with at the tops flowers with yellow
hearts and white petals that on the end of the flowering time bow down. The flowers
have a honey like smell.
German Chamomile has smooth, green and thin stems and becomes 25 until 40 cm high.
The leaves are gradually divided over the length of the stems. German Chamomile is a
one years plants and has nerved seeds.
Cultivate German Chamomile yourself.
The best place for German Chamomile is sunny.
Sow the seeds in the ground from March. Only push the seed in the soil, don’t
cover them.
The seeds germinate after 2 or 3 weeks. After germinating plant the plants 30 cm
from each other.
Roman Chamomile
Roman Chamomile is a winter resistant always green more yearly plant. The plant has
approximately the same properties as German Chamomile. Its taste is bitter, which
make the tea of Roman Chamomille also bitter.
This Chamomile prefers light, sandy, and good drained soil but is rarely found in
the wild.
It has light green leaves, which grow along the subdivided stem. The leaves smell
like apple. The stem is weak, ridged, round and also light green. The plant has a
root stem with which it spreads itself out.
On the top of every stem a very fragrant, small flower with a yellow heart and
white leaves blossoms from summer till the fall.
Roman Chamomile can grow from 20 till 40 cm high. In the full sun, it becomes
less high then in light shadow.
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The seeds are beige, narrow and small. |
Cultivate Roman
Chamomile yourself.
The best place for Roman Chamomile is in the full sun, with light and good drained
soil.
To cultivate Roman Chamomile you can sow the seeds in spring, and put the after
germinating at 45 cm from each other.
You can split the plant in the spring or in the fall. Take 8 mm cuttings of the
side branches in the summer.
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History
The name Chamomile originates from a Greek word
which means "ground apple" which refers to the apple smell of Chamomile.
German Chamomile is used in Spain for the preparation of a sherry that is called
"apple". This is also the Spanish name for Chamomile.
German Chamomile is of the genus Matricaria. The name Matricaria
originates from the Latin (matrix means uterus) and comes from the former application
for an irregular menstruation.
The name Roman Chamomile suggests a longer history, but this plant is
cultivated and used just since one century. Roman Chamomile is of the genus
Anthemis. This name originates from Greek and means noble flower.
According to the Lacnunga, an old Anglo-Saxon writing, Chamomile was one of the
nine holy herbs that was given to the world by the god Wodan.
Chamomile is nearly everywhere cultivated for one of the most known herbal teas.
Roman Chamomile is also used for ages because of its beneficial qualities.
German Chamomile is one of that most ancient herbal remedies. It was already known
in the pre-Christian times and was described in Medieval plant book with the same
applications as nowadays. In Parkinson’s herb book dating from 1656, bathing in
Chamomile was recommended to reinforcement of healthy people and as a pain killer for
ill people.
The relaxing aroma was also inhaled as a snuff or smoked to ease asthma and to
cure insomnia. The plant is also considered as "plant healer", because it
the health promoting properties to plants that grow in its vicinity. |
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The old Egyptians already used
Chamomile. Nowadays in Egypt a lot of Chamomile is cultivate for own use and for the
export.
Chamomile pollen was found in the stomach of the mummy of Ramses II.
The Egyptians honoured Chamomile to the sun and worshipped this herb above all
others because of its therapeutic qualities.
Greek physicians gave Chamomile against fever and women illnesses. |
Shakespeare refers in part I of
Henry IV to the not-blossoming
variety of Chamomile that will grow better the more one walked on it. Moreover,
in English there is a proverb about flexibility when there is misfortune: "As a
Chamomile meadows", the more it gets stepped on, the too more it spreads itself.
Ones one sat on raised beds of this Chamomile species, because of the pleasant
smell and to lighting of the pain of piles. In a popular garden book from 1638,
William Lawson wrote about the big walk ways, broad and long (as the saint forests in
Thessalié) raised with pebbles and sand, with seats and benches of Chamomile,
all together this lightens the mind and heals the body.
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Applications
The therapeutic qualities of the German Chamomile
lie freely close to these of the Roman Chamomile. Yet every variety has typically own
characteristics. The lovers of German Chamomile value mainly the honey like perfume
and do not love the bitter taste of Roman Chamomile.
German Chamomile
As medicines, the flower heads and the ethereal oil become uses.
During the flowering time, the flowers are picked and carefully dried.
Working and character.
Bactericide, inflammations brake, wound whole, anti-allergic, cramp defence,
calming, comforting, softening, stomach means, decongestive, digestive tonic.
Specific therapeutic properties.
Skin problems, lit wounds, swear, eczema, dyspepsia (disturbed digestion), stomach
and intestine sore, bladder inflammation, menstruation disturbances (irregular,
staying away).
Use Chamomile also in or externally by: fire wound, freeze wounds, blisters,
eczema, rheumatism, ear pain, acne / youth pustules, inflammations, wounds, insect
bites, sores, little appetite, headache, skin problems, menstruation complaints,
arthritis, verstuikingen, muscle pain, gout, nerve pain, boils, allergies, migraine,
nervousness, stress, transitions complaints, excitability, insomnia, fear, stress,
tooth pain and digestions disturbances.
The Chamomile flower is therapeutic, healing, heating, calming and soothing,
but never cheerful. Also is the good for children that pains have, anxious or
irritable be.
Chamomile can uses become about that as a tea against stomach-ache, in gargle drink
and as a mouth rinse.
The flowers have a pleasant smell and exercise a cleaning and calming influence
from on the stomach intestine system, in fact on all organs that with mucous membranes
covered are.
Chamomile is one of the safest herbs and is good for restless children.
The flowers can uses become against emotional tensions and by meditation.
Chamomile becomes uses in inhalations for asthma.
External.
- Turned, bathe have gargle drink and a wound healing and inflammations brake
working.
- As an oil-extract, cream and compress by skin irritations and eczema. For that
can be added also single drops essential oil at cream.
- As a vinegar by irritated genital organs or a sensitive skin.
- As an inhalation by hay fever.
- As a compress by tired eyes and allergies.
- In turned and compresses by cramps.
Internal.
- De tea of the flowers or ethereal oil works against inflammations and
by mucus skin inflammations against cramps.
- De tea is safe for small children
- De tea helps by insomnia, nightmares, irritation and toothache.
- The digestion Brings till rest
- It helps by nervous indigestion, winderigheid, colic’s, gastritis and
inflammations of the bowels. The tincture is by nervous indigestion the best.
- As faintly calming means. Good by tensions headache, psychosomatic habits,
menstruation pain and other cramps.
- Good in the beginning stages of fever.
- A tea of Chamomile and rosemary is good against headache.
Cosmetic.
- Chamomile is a weak on that means. Externally Chamomile makes uses light brown
hairs lighter and gives at blond hairs a golden reflection, the tea can become uses as
a hair rinse.
- In the cosmetics becomes the Chamomile uses round its inflammation brake,
calming and soothing working. Azuleen is applied about that in creams for a (over)
sensitive skin.
Applications with ethereal oil.
The picking of the flowers is sore work intensive and is utmost layer the yield,
declares this the value of the oil. Investigation has shown that Chamomile also as
anti-poison by poisonings with passing bacteria as stafylokokken and streptokokken
uses can become. Hereby becomes the poison harmlessly made, this in contrast till the
antibiotics by which the accessions of the bacteria are disturbed. Very small
quantities of the Chamomile want to be already in state as anti-poison to work.
The wealth at alpha-bisabolol makes oil Chamomile till a particular active
antiseptic. The oil promotes the cure of the skin, is soothing by
joint problems, softening by eye problems and helps in the general against
inflammations.
Only German Chamomile contain the beneficial blue oil (through chamazuleen). The
active matter from the ethereal oil forms fit self by the assimilation of the flowers
(steam distillate) from a furrow stage, the matricine.
Sleepiness can become strengthens the working of an ethereal oil to combine
through these with other ethereal oils. Chamomile is good with Lavender to combine.
Here single applications of the ethereal oil of German Chamomile
follow.
As a bath by various skin illnesses.
3 drops Chamomile, 3 drops Geranium and 4 drops Sandalwood mix with a little bit
milk or a spoonful honey. This add want to bathe at a bath and 15-20 minutes.
By inflammations in the mouth.
Mix 4 drops Chamomile in a glass of boiled water and gargle with this 1 until 2
turn per day.
With painful tooth growth with children.
Touch the painful places at with 1 drop Chamomile on a cotton wadding bar.
By light fire wound, eczema, youth pustules, wounds and sores.
2 until 3 drops Chamomile on a damp wad of absorbent cotton do and with this 1
until 2 turn per day dab.
By lit, sensitive skin, acne.
4 drops thousand leaf, 7
drops Chamomile and 5 drops Rose mix oil with 40 ml Jojoba and oil 10 ml wheat
germ. With this mixture the skin 2 turn rub per day.
Examples of available ethereal oil of Chamomile, you find here.
Roman Chamomile
The yellow heart contain the active constituents. Tuft of flowers as they open are.
Keep through the drying of the flowers. Although the whole plant sore well smelling uses
became alone the flowers. These must on the first day of their bloom picked become,
rush dried afgeritst and after that in the shadow. If this adaptation carefully
lifted will not the flowers darken, 'rust' and a part of their perfume and
qualities lose.
Working and character.
Calming, cramp decreasing (central nervous system), inflammations defence, against
parasites.
Specific therapeutic working.
Asthma (of nervous origin), surgical interventions, digestive, kinkhoest, stomach
cramps, nervous shock, soothing.
Use Roman Chamomile also by: allergies, eczema, psoriasis, itch, acne / youth
pustules, herpes, wounds, sores, mucus formation in the nose, stiff muscles and
joints, little appetite, headache, migraine, skin rash, menstruation complaints,
depressions, insomnia, hysteria, nervousness, boils, insect bites, transitions
complaints, spit, eye problems, menstruation habits, excitability, stress and
digestions disturbances. Roman Chamomile works fever defence and lit by stomach-ache,
stiff muscles and joints.
In beauties drawing rooms, Chamomile tea sleepiness is served to relax the faces
muscles.
It has o. a. calming influence on eyes and skin, and it is digestion improving.
The teas of the flowers is good as a complete restorative and comforting means
(good for restless children and against nightmares). Before an extract make to use
through 4 or 5 flowers per head of 25 cl.
A compress want to wound and to cure eczema.
Use in bath round through sun or wind burnt skin to soften.
The Chamomile has a complex working: at the same time appetite enhancing,
strengthening and digestion improving. Unsweetened extracts are advised for the meal
as natural aperitif. After the meal especially the digestion is valued-promoting
quality.
It is also active against headache and nerve pain.
For external use, a decoction has of 5 or 6 flowers a soothing working on an
irritated skin and on the eyelids.
The workings of Roman Chamomile is more generous than that of the German Chamomile
and is about that in low quantities particularly arranged for children, especially as
these extract or fear have.
Keep house.
- Late the plant do not grow area by a that it so good does these again what on to
pep or spread 'smother' to promote an extract over zaailingen to prevent and on
compost the digestion.
- De flower of A. tinctoria boil for a strengthen geelbruine paint matter.
Cosmetic.
- Use an extract of the flower (C. nobile, M. recutita) as a face steam bath and
as a hand week means round the skin softer and whiter to make.
- Make an eye bath to decrease or tea-bag compress inflammations and to remove
tiredness circles.
- An extract Join closed at a refreshing bath.
- Boil the flowers 20 minutes and use this regular as a rinse blond hair lighter
to colour and to hold in condition.
Aromatic.
- Dried their apple smell keep leaf and become uses in melanges.
- Use the flower and leaf in melanges and in herb cushion.
Applications with ethereal oil.
The ethereal oil is obtained by water vapour distillation by the blossoming tops. The
oil also can be distilled from dried flowers, this oil has then a vaal blue colour
that slowly discolours to green yellow.
Sleepiness can become strengthens the working of an ethereal oil to combine
through these with other ethereal oils. Roman Chamomile is good to combine with Rose,
Orange and Geranium.
Here single applications of the ethereal oil of Roman Chamomile follow.
By itchy skin rash by allergic problems.
Mix 2 drops Roman Chamomile and 4 drops Helicryse with a tablespoon Calendula
macerate and rub that the rash with.
By light fire wound, eczema, youth pustules, psoriasis, herpes, itch, wounds and
sores.
2 until 3 drops Roman Chamomile on a damp wad of absorbent cotton do and with this
superior grind per day the wounds dab.
Compress by stomach intestine cramps, molted muscles and spit.
10 drops Roman Chamomile join am called closed water at 2 litters, christen in this
a small towel, wring the lightly from and lay it so hotly possible on the painful
spot. The heat working can strengthens become to lay through a warm water bag on the
compress. Possibly at with 2 drops Lavender or 2 drops Rosemary or 2 drops Sandalwood to fill.
As a mucus dissolver by allergic problems, especially by mucus formation in the nose
and sneeze.
Mix 2 drops Roman Chamomile and 4 drops Helicryse in a scale am called water and
steam 1 until 3 turn per day.
By eczema or psoriasis.
2 until 3 drops Roman Chamomile on a damp wad of absorbent cotton do and with this
superior grind per day dab. A compress with 10 drops in 1 litter or make boiled, cooled down
water. Let 10-15 minutes work in.
Evaporate.
3 drops Marjolein, 3 drops Lavender and 3 drops Roman Chamomile in the aroma lamp work positively
by agiteredness.
Examples of available ethereal oil of Chamomile, you find here.
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Chemical properties
German Chamomile
In the plant present compounds.
Ethereal
oil (0,5-1.5 chamazuleen), Choline, bitters matter (among which azuleen), Flavonoids (among
which: apigenine, luteoline, patuletine and quercitine) and Malic acid.
Active compounds in the Ethereal oil.
Sesquiterpenoids:
bisaboleen, chamazuleen 5%, dihydrochamazuleen I and II and trans-concretes-
farneseen
Sesquiterpenols:
a-bisabolol 8%, farnesol, spatulenol
Sesquiterpenic acids:
a-bisabolol-oxide 23%, 10% b-bisabolol-oxide, c-bisabolol-oxide, epoxy-bisabolol
and sesquiterpenic lactonen
Coumarines and methoxycoumarines:
herniarine and omnibelliferon
Ethers:
a-ether bicyclic polyénique(1-10%)
Roman Chamomile
Active components in the Ethereal oil.
Terpenic alkohols:
a-pineen 1.6%, concretes-pineen 0.2%, campheen 0.4%, limoneen 0.2%, isobutyl-
butyraat 3.7%, isobutyl-2-methylbutyraat 0.7%, isoamyl-butyraat 2.6%, 2-methylbutyl-2
-methylbutyraat 2.7%, hexyl-butyraat 3.9%, propyl-angelaat 1.1%, isobutyl-angelaat
36%, 2-methyl-2-propenylangelaat 7.4%, butyl-angelaat 0,9% and isoamyl-angelaat17.9%
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Precautions
Chamomile is safe, but some people become sick of large doses and strong teas.
Avoided large doses during the pregnancy.
Some people react allergic by contact with Chamomile.
The most ethereal oils cannot be taken in without risk.
Use ethereal exclusive internal oil has as you sufficient knowledge or consult a
(homeopathic) physician. Over the general is however the working by external use more
strongly than by internal use.
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Culinary
Calm the tea.
Mix as quantities Chamomile flower, linden blossom, Melissa or lemon verbena.
Make of this tea. This is a tasty tea, with name for men that Chamomile tasteless
find. Drink to wish by stress.
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Other variants |
Chamaemelum anthemis 'Treneague'
This is has leaf a not blossoming clone, he to apple smell and becomes used
because of its swell on lawns. The heights is approximately 5 cm. |
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Chamaemelum nobile sail. Flore-pleno
This is dubbed flowering Chamomile the plant smells of apple. |
Anthemis tinctoria
The Dutch appellations for this plant is yellow Chamomile. He has golden flowers
and gives a yellow brown paint matter. The plant blossoms the whole summer. Height 75
cm. |
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[1]. Bremness, Lesley;- the complete naslagwerk SEASON for the
cultivating and use -
Fifth edition; Wooden: Of Reemst Publisher (2000). ISBN 90-410-0158-1
[2]. Shaw, Nun; -herb medicine- First busily; Cologne: Könemann
Verlagsgesellschaft mbH
(1999). ISBN 3-8290-1511-9
[3]. Rüdt, YOU.; - Therapeutic and poisonous plants - First busily; Zutphen: INC W. J. Thieme & Cie (1973). ISBN 90-03 94630 , 2
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General description
